Triple House with Five Yard 三宅五院
项目选址位于湖南省邵阳市洞口县,那里曾经是一个交通不太方便的典型丘陵山地,
所以人们的生活保留了很多古老传统的习俗。每家每户都以堂屋为核心,会在传统节日里
在堂屋举行祭祀仪式,或是特殊日子进行家族聚会,这是当地特色的精神空间;同时会有
自己的家族大宗祠,宗祠有层层院落,所有的房间都能向着院子打开,院落和室内空间相
互交织,以前没有学校,孩子们都是在宗祠里上学。
设计让房子与院子以一比一的比例交叉布局,像宗祠一样,所有的房间都能向着院子
开放;院子之间用片墙间隔开来,但是又留出通道互通,隔而不断,从而营造出由室外向
室内逐渐缩小过渡,层层递进的空间序列;院子里保留了场地里原有的大银杏树,遮风避
雨的大树冠成为了院里极佳的主体。
为了应对湖南的夏热冬冷气候,用院墙围合起来水池和大树形成与外部大环境相对隔
离的庭院微气候,再结合外立面上大扇的落地推拉门和通高的堂屋空间,促成大面积穿堂
风,让室内与庭院微气候融为一体,在不依赖空调设备的情况下有效提高物理环境舒适
度。
外立面设计沿用了当地家族宗祠的白墙灰瓦调性,能够很好的融入乡村环境。白墙我
们用了现代耐久的肌理涂料,手工喷涂的颗粒质感让建筑体量的近人尺度有了细节和温
度。灰瓦则是坚固的铝镁锰屋面板,轻薄的厚度与干净利落的线条使得坡屋顶像刀锋一样
充满张力。
沿袭本土的民居建筑类型,室内空间设计以堂屋为中心,一侧布置开放的餐厨这些公
共空间,另一侧则连接着私密的卧室区域,动静分区同时又自然的通过堂屋衔接;堂屋中
心做了一二层的通高设计,更加强调堂屋的精神空间属性,也增加了一二层的空间联系;
屋顶上满铺了本地杉木制成的椽子和底板,让整个房子都沉浸在木头散发出的香味中,木
头拥有良好的热工性能,使得屋盖就像是一个会呼吸的森林。
在现代城市化快速发展的今天,我们尝试去传承保留乡村那些美好的传统,亲近自然
同时又适应现代的生活方式,并且能够作为一个坚固的精神堡垒传承下去。
The site is located in Dongkou County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province. It
used to be a typical hilly and mountainous area with inconvenient
transportation, so people's life retains many ancient traditional customs. Each
family takes the central room as the core, and will hold sacrificial ceremonies
in the central room on traditional festivals or family gatherings on special
days, which is local life's spiritual space; At the same time, they have large
family ancestral hall. The ancestral hall has layers of courtyards. All rooms can
be opened towards the courtyard, The courtyard and interior space are
intertwined together. In the past, there was no school. Children all went to
school in the ancestral hall.
The design allows the house and yard to be laid out in a ratio of one to
one. Like the ancestral hall, all rooms can be opened to the yard; The
courtyards are separated by walls, but the passageways are reserved for
communication, so as to create a space sequence that gradually shrinks and
transitions from the outside to the inside, and progresses layer by layer; The
original big ginkgo tree in the yard is reserved,. The big tree crown, which
sheltered from wind and rain, became an excellent subject in the courtyard.
In order to cope with the hot summer and cold winter climate in Hunan,
the courtyard wall is used to enclose the pool and trees to form a courtyard
microclimate that is relatively isolated from the external environment.
Combined with the large floor sliding door on the external facade and the
high-rise central room, a large area of ventilation is promoted to integrate the
indoor and courtyard microclimate, effectively improving the comfort of the
physical environment without relying on air conditioning equipment.
The facade design follows the white wall and grey tile tone of the family
ancestral hall, which can be well integrated into the rural environment. We
use modern durable texture paint for the white wall, and the hand sprayed
grain texture gives details and temperature to the human scale of the
building volume. Grey tiles are solid aluminum magnesium manganese roof
panels. The light thickness and clean lines make the sloping roof full of
tension like a blade.